Furnace and apparatus for utilizing shale or other bituminous materials



&833566 Feb, 19270 229 s. v. BERGH FURNACE AND APPARATUS FOR UTILIZING SHALE OR OTHER B'rUmI N otJs MATERIALS INVEHTOR. ZM %W Filed Sept. 25. 1923 Patenta& Feb. 22, 1927.

'UNITED STATES 1513566 PATENT OFFICE;

EVEN VILEELM BEBGE, OF STOCKEOLM, SWEDEN.

. FURNACE AND APPABATUS FOB UTILIZING SHALE OR OTEER ZBTUEINOUE MATERIAL& v

Application filed September 25, 1923, Serial No. 4,794, and in Sweden September 18, 1922.

i This invention relates to improvements in or relating to furnacesand apparatus for the purpose described.

The main object of the invention is to effect in a continuous process by means of a simple and convenient arrangement ot apparatuses the distillation of said bitumnous material to obtain, a good quantity and quality of oil, a gas of a high calorific value and at the same time to improve the manner of gasifyn and burningthe coke-residue from said distlla'tion to ntilize the heat from this combustion for difierent heating purposes in combination with said distilling process.

Another object is to provide an apparatus, in which vital parts such as the retorts, etc., -can easily be removed for repars.

A further object is that the plant, as built in unit's,` can easily be enlarged. Other objects and advantages of the invention wl] appear as the following description s read in connection with the accompanymg drawmg.

In the drawing:

Figure'l is a vertical section along the line 1-1 in Figure 3 and also a side elevation of the inventon.

Figure 2 shows vertical sections along the lines 2- a and 2 -2 in Figure 3.

Figure 3 shows a horizontal section along the line 3-3 in Figure 1.

e Similar numerals refer to similar parts.

According to the Figures 1, 2 and 3 a number of heating chambers 1, shaped as shafts, are grouped to form a furnace-block or battery 2. The block is constructed of bricks with linings of refractory material, the whole suitably being enclosed in a frame work of structural steel. In the upper part of each heating chamber 1 is arranged a row of retorts 3, which by means of screw-bolts a drying or supply bunker 4, supported by the brickworks by means of angle irons 30 or the like. The drying or supply bunker 4 is generally left open but can also Conveniently be provided with covers 5. Each of the retorts is arranged with vapour-mains 6 for drawing off gaseous products. The vapour mains 6 descend to the lower portion of the retorts. If wet iuel is to be, worked, the drying bunkers 4 are also provided with va our outlets 7. which by means of ipes (83 are connected to combustion cham rs 9, the letter being enclosed in the lower portion of the heating are joined to chamber 1; In the lower portion of each retort is at difi'erent levels vapour inlets 10 arranged for introducing steamor inert gas or a mixture of the same. The inlet ipes 10 are inserted into the retort behind a aflie plate 11 open in its upper and lower end towards the retort, which bafile plate is placed in the neighborhood of the vapour drawn off 6. Steam, superheated or inert gas i-s used among other means for .carrying heat to the distilling zone and to serve as means to prevent the admission of air. In the upper portion of the heating chamber 1 between retorts and chamber walls steam producers 12 and superheaters 13 are arran ed, the steam superheaters being by means o pipes 14 connected to the steam producers. The lower end 10 of the steam superheaters 13 are connected to the lower portion of the retort so 'that steam can be nserted between retort wall and bafile plate 11. Pipes 8 connect the steam producers with combustion chambers 9. The lower open ends of the retorts are suitably protected a ainst being corroded b using the shoes 18 o some suitable materal. Below the 'row of retorts is placed a bar 15, which preferably is construc'ted hollow and provided with an inletpipe 16 and an outlet pipe 17 for air or water, in order to' cool the bar. The temperature of. the coke residue in the lower part of the retort can thereby be regulated within a certain range. which reac'ts upon the distilling process. Below the bar 15 is arranged a wall 19 dividing the lower. part of the heating chamber into the above mentioned combustion chambers 9. At the bottom of theheating chamber is arranged a mechanically operated discharging arran'gement for ashes consisting of two rotating bars 20 provided with teeth. This bar 20 works against a pair of turnable bottom plates 21, Secured to shafts 22. The plates 21 are fixed in a certain position by means of stoppers 23 or the like. The motion of the bar 20 is produced by means of the lever 25 and gears 26, which are connected to a transmission and a motor. The lower parts of the combustion chambers and the ashpit are rovided with-air and steam inlets 28 place at suitable levels.

The products of combustion obtained from burning the cake residue pass first over the heating surfaces of the retorts, steam producers and superheaters and then to stacks 27,

The volatile products of distillatin are introducin'g gaseous products into said re-` drawn ofi through the va ur mains 29 artorts; means for drawing ofi vapours from ranged on the outside an along the upper the lower part of said retorts; steam pro part of the battery 2. From the main29 the ducers placed outside said retorts and arso volatile products are in ordina way conranged n the upper portion of said heating ducted to a condensing and sru b' lant chambers; means for regulat' the temperwherein oily and other valuable pr ucts ature of said ooke-residue; com ustion chamare removed and the remaining permanent bers arranged in thelower portion of said is lead to agas holder from whch t heating chambers and communicatng with t ar is distributed for difl'erent purposes. said retorts; means for-introducing aand A part of the gas may if convenient beused steam in said combustion chanbers; means over again by circulating through a heater for mechancally dscharging the ashes from and the retort. Various modifications, howsaid combustion chambers; means for intro ever, may be made in the apparatus for c arducingvapours from said dryng bunkers eo rying out the invention without departng mto sad combuston chambers; and means from the principle of the invention. for drawng off the 'of combuston What I claim and desire to secure by Letof the coke-resdue n the heating chamters Patent is bers. i

1. In a device of the character described 4. In a device oti-;the character described os in combination, a vertical rctort provided in combination, a battery of heat' chamwith a leadingmofi va our main centrally bers, a row of retorts hangingin and heatplaced finshin'g in the ower portion of said ing clamber; a supply bunker for fue] retort; steam roducers laced on sides of placed at the top of said retorts; nlet pipes said retort and connected to the lower porfor ntroducng superheated steam into the tion of said retort through steam superheatlower portion of said retorts; baflle lates ers and watercooled surfaces placed below for distributing the steam at different evels sai retorts. in said retorts; vapour mains for drawing 2. In a device of the character described ofl' aseous products from the neighbourin combination, a. battery of heating chamhoo of said baflie plates; steam roducers bers, retorts, hanging in each of sad heatand superheaters placed outside said retorts ing chambers, the retorts being open in its and ar'anged in the upper portion of said lower ends; combustio chambers 'for burnheating chambers; a water-cooled bar placed ing solid fuels arranged in the lower-'portion below said row of retorts; combustion chamof said heating chambers, and communicat bers arranged in the lower portion of said so ing with said retorts; means for introducing heating chambers and communicatin'g with air and steam in said combustion ehambers; said retorts; means for introducing steam means for mechanically discharging the from said steam producers and superheaters ashes from said combustion chambers; and in the retorts; inlet ppes for steam and air means for drawing ofl' the products of comin said combustion chambers; discharging bustion from said heating chambers. bars with teeth for ashes working against 3. In adevice of the character described in turnable bottom plates, fixed stoppers for conbination, a battery of heating chambers, said bottom plates and stacks for said furretorts hanging in said heating chambers; 'nace battery. dryng bunkers for uel placed at the top of In testimony whereof I have signed my said retorts; means for conductig vapours name to this s ecification. away from said drying bunkers; means for S EN VILHELM BERGH. 

